Synthesis of research on the specific ways citizens have engaged civically around the issue of climate change and documented effects of these efforts on climate change itself suggests: 

• Behavior-change campaigns can positively influence lifestyle choices that reduce their individual carbon footprints, such as reducing car-use, purchase renewable electricity, and eating less meat
• An increasing number of environmental NGOs is associated with lower levels of environmental degradation (including reduced carbon dioxide emissions)
• "Insufficient evidence" regarding what legal challenges/litigation have had on greenhouse gas emissions
• Targeting the economic sector and specific businesses (through boycotts, divestment campaigns, etc.) has resulted in "notable" emissions reductions

A multi-racial coalition focused on organizing and escalating tactics helped defeat the Williams Pipeline: The Stop the Williams Pipeline coalition won by building, organizing, and activating a large and intense base of opposition targeted at the key decision-maker, Governor Andrew Cuomo. 

This conversation highlights findings from two reports focused on how the climate advocacy community can support equitable climate resilience (the ability of communities to adapt and thrive in the face of impacts from climate change) in climate policies and programs, as advocates nationwide are pushed to think beyond a frame of "simply" climate mitigation: Making Equity Real in Climate Adaptation and Community Resilience Policies and Programs: A Guidebook and Mapping Resilience: A Blueprint for Thriving in the Face of Climate Disasters.

When climate disasters hit, politicians representing those places may become more concerned about climate change. This resource documents that congress members from districts hit by a hurricane are more likely to support bills promoting more environmental regulation and control in the year after the disaster. The change in legislative behavior by these members of congress is persistent over time, and it is associated with an electoral penalty in the following elections. Further, this effect mainly happens among legislators who are from safe districts (i.e., less likely to face a strong general election challenger in the next election), those with more experience, and those with strong pro-environment records.

Gillion’s research examines whether a protest can make a real change – and the short answer is that it does. Looking at the effect of civil rights protests from the 1960’s–1990’s on Congress, he found that protest had a small but detectable effect on legislators. And he identified factors that increased the salience of a protest to politicians.

Tweets are not a good way to judge elected leader's climate actions: the frequency with which Congresspeople tweet on climate is only weakly linked to their constituents’ opinions, and not linked to their climate voting record at all. In an analysis of US members of Congress over the 6 months prior to the 2020 election, constituent support for Congressional climate action was only weakly related to the rate of pro-climate tweeting by legislators.